Water quality is the most important factor that affects shrimp health and production performance during Vannamei sps are winter. highly susceptible to fluctuations in water quality parameters and such fluctuations can cause poor growth, erratic behaviour and diseases.

During winter, a decrease in temperature leads to a decrease in pH level, which effects dissolved oxygen levels. Additionally, this leads to an increase in bottom sludge, which causes the release of ammonia, nitrite, and H2S, which increase the organic loads.

• Running aerators along with blowers during sunny hours can benefit to maintain good water temperature which can improve the dissolved oxygen levels and prevent sludge accumulation at the bottom of the pond. achieved by utilizing probiotics

• Reducing the organic load and improving water quality can be

• High ammonia and nitrite concentrations deactivate haemoglobin in the blood of crustaceans, which can be controlled by reducing feed input.

• Shrimps’ appetite and digestibility are drastically reduced during winter, resulting in a loss of disease resistance and its immunity can be artificially enhanced by mixing Vitamin – C as a feed additive.